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During any other school year, the statistic at the Warrenton-Hammond School District in northwest Oregon would have been positive.

Superintendent Tom Rogozinski, superintendent, was taking stock of the months his students spent under distance learning, and noticed a steep decline in calls from staff to the state Department of Human Services over concerns about student welfare.

From the fall 2019 to spring 2020, before the coronavirus forced schools to move online, the district鈥檚 mandatory reporters 鈥� everyone from teachers to bus drivers 鈥� had called the state agency 84 times to report their concerns.

While schools were operating with distance learning the following fall, just 11 calls were made. 

Rogozinski felt the decline in calls wasn鈥檛 because kids suddenly weren鈥檛 struggling with the same issues they were before the pandemic, but that their teachers were mostly blind to them. 

鈥淲e learned that unless we鈥檙e physically interacting with a lot of these kids, we just don鈥檛 know,鈥� he said about students鈥� home lives. 鈥淚t speaks to those relationships that educators form with kids,鈥� Rogozinski said. Outside of schools, 鈥渢hese students, when they have situations and they don鈥檛 know where to turn, there鈥檚 not a lot of places for them to turn to.鈥� 

Schools in counties across the state reported lower calls to the Human Services Department and the Oregon Child Abuse Hotline during distance learning. In 2019, more than 20,000 reports came in from schools. In 2020, there were 14,076. 

Abuse and neglect aren鈥檛 always at the center of a caller鈥檚 concern. It鈥檚 inadequate food or housing. 

Jake Sunderland, press secretary at the department鈥檚 child welfare division, said that鈥檚 about half the calls that come in.

鈥淭hey鈥檙e actually people calling because they know a family needs some extra support but they don鈥檛 know where to turn,鈥� he said.

Warrenton-Hammond is routinely on the state Department of Education鈥檚 list of Oregon districts with the highest percentage of homeless students. Rogozinski said anywhere between 15 and 20 percent of the students in his district each year fit the federal definition of homelessness. 

鈥淲e have a very unstable, very transient population,鈥� Rogozinski said. 鈥淲hen we talk about competing values around the return to schools and safety we also need to talk about this.鈥�

Sunderland said that despite the drop in calls to the Human Services Department, there was not a proportional drop in the number of calls that ended up resulting in an assessment for neglect or child abuse. Each year, only about a quarter of all the calls that come into the state end up warranting a full assessment and investigation, and that was the case during the school year under distance learning as well. 

鈥淚 do want to dispel the myth that kids were almost inherently unsafe at home because they didn鈥檛 have the watchful eyes of other teachers on them,鈥� he said. 鈥淭he truth regarding that statement is 鈥� we do not know yet how the pandemic affected actual rates of abuse and neglect,鈥� 

It鈥檚 further complicated by a change made in 2019 to streamline calls to the department over child welfare. The Department of Human Services went from 18 regional phone numbers to a single, statewide hotline. 

鈥淲e don鈥檛 really know what a typical number of calls of abuse and neglect should look like in Oregon right now,鈥� Sunderland said. 鈥淲hen you make one hotline, you increase awareness and make it easier to report, so you can expect calls to be higher. We鈥檙e kind of in this area where we don鈥檛 know what normal would be,鈥� he said.

What has remained consistent over the years is the disproportionate number of calls that come through about students and families of color. 

鈥淲e know structural and systemic racism play a role when it comes to reporting suspected abuse and neglect,鈥� Sunderland said. 

For that reason, the department has been working on revamping training for mandatory reporters so they can recognize biases, and to consider other options for connecting kids with resources instead of calling the hotline. . 

Sue Rieke-Smith, superintendent in Tigard-Tualatin, has created a 鈥渂asic needs team鈥� to connect students and families with resources so the state isn鈥檛 getting called. 

鈥淚t鈥檚 culturally driven,鈥� she said. 

The team works with community organizations like the Immigrant & Refugee Community Organization, the youth empowerment group REAP and the non-profit Latino Network to help get students and families the resources they need. 

鈥淲e鈥檝e been able to get at food insecurity, health care, vaccines. Even with all that, we know there was a great deal of underreporting,鈥� Rieke-Smith said about the period students undertook distance learning. 

Sunderland said that when people call the Child Abuse Hotline and the issues are around food and housing, the Human Services Department ultimately ends up referring people to resources that a mandatory reporter could have done directly. 

鈥淲hen you see a family in need, in crisis, that鈥檚 struggling but you don鈥檛 think there鈥檚 abuse and neglect, the best thing you could do is to help them get plugged into resources. That being said, when you do suspect it, definitely call,鈥� he said.

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