Tennessee Prepares for Another Private School Voucher Debate. Here鈥檚 What to Know
Testing accountability is among chief issues to settle.

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A new universal school voucher proposal will be the first bill filed for Tennessee鈥檚 upcoming legislative session, signaling that Gov. Bill Lee intends to make the plan his No. 1 education priority for a second straight year.
Senate Majority Leader Jack Johnson said this week that he鈥檒l file his chamber鈥檚 legislation on the morning of Nov. 6, the day after Election Day. He expects House Majority Leader William Lamberth will do the same.
The big question is whether House and Senate Republican leaders will be able to agree on the details in 2025. The 114th Tennessee General Assembly convenes on Jan. 14 as Lee begins his last two years in office.
During the 2024 session, the governor鈥檚 Education Freedom Scholarship proposal in finance committees over disagreements about testing and funding, despite a GOP supermajority, and even as universal voucher programs sprang up in several other states.
Sponsors in the Tennessee House, where voucher programs have had a harder time getting support from rural Republicans and urban Democrats, attempted to woo votes with an that included benefits for public schools, too. But Senate Republican leaders balked at the scope and cost of the House version.
On Monday, Johnson gave a voucher update to school board members in Williamson County, which he represents, on the development of new legislation.
Similar to the new bill would provide about $7,000 in taxpayer funds to each of up to 20,000 students to attend a private school beginning next fall, with half of the slots going to students who are considered economically disadvantaged. By 2026, all of Tennessee鈥檚 K-12 students, regardless of family income, would be eligible for vouchers, though the number of recipients would depend on how much money is budgeted for the program.
鈥淭he bill is not finalized, but we鈥檙e all working together with the governor鈥檚 office to come up with a bill we all can support,鈥 Johnson told Chalkbeat after the presentation.
Testing accountability is among chief issues to settle
Johnson said the Senate鈥檚 2025 bill will again include some type of testing requirement for voucher recipients 鈥 either state assessments or state-approved national tests 鈥 to gauge whether the program is improving academic outcomes.
However, the Senate bill will eliminate a previous provision that might have allowed public school students to enroll in any district, even if they鈥檙e not zoned for it. That policy proposal had been included at the insistence of Senate Education Committee Chairman Jon Lundberg, a Bristol Republican who lost his reelection bid in .
Lamberth, the House leader, did not respond this week to multiple requests for comment about his chamber鈥檚 plan, which in 2024 had no testing requirement for voucher recipients. Instead, the House version sought to dramatically reduce testing and accountability for public school students, including replacing high school end-of-course assessments with ACT college entrance exams.
The House bill also included numerous financial incentives to try to garner support from public school advocates. One idea was to increase the state鈥檚 contribution to pay for public school teachers鈥 medical insurance by redirecting $125 million the governor had earmarked for teacher salary increases.
Johnson told school board members the governor is planning a 鈥渟ubstantial鈥 increase for public education funding in 2025 but didn鈥檛 specify how much or for what.
鈥淚 think we鈥檙e going to have some things in there that will be great for all public education,鈥 he said when asked later about including costly incentives such as teacher medical insurance funding. 鈥淲hether it鈥檚 in that (voucher) bill or if it鈥檚 in a separate bill is a great question. We will see. I don鈥檛 know the answer.鈥
Williamson County school board rescinds earlier anti-voucher resolution
Johnson told board members in his home district that he expects 鈥渘ominal鈥 impact to Williamson County鈥檚 two suburban school systems south of Nashville, if the bill passes the legislature in 2025. Most enrollees, he said, would be in urban areas that have more low-performing schools and private school options.
Later Monday, Williamson County鈥檚 board, including four newly elected members whose voted 10-2 to rescind a opposing Lee鈥檚 Education Freedom Scholarship Act.
The governor is from Williamson County and graduated from a public high school there in 1977. So it was significant when his local board voted in March to join across Tennessee on record against his signature education proposal.
But Dennis Diggers, a new board member, argued that it was appropriate to revisit the issue given the recent election, and proposed rescinding the resolution.
鈥淔our of the six candidates who won their election ran publicly for more than six months on this issue, so it was out there,鈥 Diggers said. 鈥淚 am not going to deny the parents in Williamson County the chance to help their kids.鈥
Meanwhile, a Tennessee policy organization that supports vouchers released a new poll showing 58% of the state鈥檚 voters are more inclined to support a candidate who supports letting parents collect public funding to choose where their child is educated, including public, private, charter, or home schools. The did not use the word 鈥渧ouchers鈥 in its question to voters, which than language about 鈥渟chool choice.鈥
Universal vouchers would mark a major expansion of vouchers in Tennessee, where lawmakers voted in 2019 to create education savings account options for students in Memphis and Nashville. That targeted program, which has since expanded to the Chattanooga area, has 3,550 enrollees in its third year, still below the 5,000-student cap, according to data provided by the state education department.
A spokeswoman for the governor said his administration continues to work with both legislative chambers on a 鈥渦nified鈥 universal voucher bill to kick off discussions for the 2025 session. She also noted that even though lawmakers didn鈥檛 approve the bill.
鈥淲e remain grateful for the General Assembly鈥檚 continued commitment to deliver Education Freedom Scholarships to Tennessee families by keeping funding for last year鈥檚 proposal in the budget,鈥 said Elizabeth Johnson, the governor鈥檚 press secretary.
Chalkbeat is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools.
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