社区黑料

The headlines are seemingly everywhere:

鈥� board votes to close 13 school buildings.鈥�

鈥� to close 7 schools, cut grades at 3 others despite heavy resistance.鈥�

鈥�: These are the SFUSD schools facing closure.鈥� 

Such reports can leave the impression that districts are rapidly closing schools in response to declining enrollment and families leaving for charters, private schools and homeschooling. 

But the data tells a different story. 

School closures have actually declined over the past decade, a period of financial instability that only increased in the aftermath of the pandemic, according to research from the Brookings Institution. 

The , shared exclusively with 社区黑料, shows that in 2014-15, the closure rate 鈥� the share of schools nationwide that were open one year and closed the next 鈥� was 1.3%. In 2023-24, the rate was just .8%, up from .7% the year before.

鈥淚 think it’s important for people to realize how rare school closures are,鈥� said Sofoklis Goulas, a Brookings fellow and the study鈥檚 author. 

Last fall, showed how schools that have lost at least 20% of their enrollment since the pandemic are more likely to be low-performing. The Clark County Public Schools, which includes Las Vegas, had the most schools on the list 鈥� 19 鈥� but isn鈥檛 currently considering closures. In Philadelphia, with 12 schools in that category, district leaders are to discuss closures.

When it released Goulas鈥檚 initial report, of the conservative Thomas B. Fordham Institute argued that low-performing schools should be the first to close. But efforts to do so are often met with pushback from families, teachers and advocacy groups who argue that shutting down schools unfairly harms poor and minority students and contributes to neighborhood blight. Their pleas often push district leaders to retreat. Working in advocates’ favor, experts say, is the fact that many big district leaders are untested and have never had to navigate the emotionally charged waters of closing schools.

鈥淐losing a neighborhood school is probably one of the most difficult decisions a district鈥檚 board makes,鈥� said Michael Fine, CEO of the Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team, a California state agency that provides financial oversight to districts. 鈥淭hey are going to avoid that decision as long as they can and at all costs.鈥� 

Such examples aren鈥檛 hard to find:

• Just weeks after announcing closures, the San Francisco district to shutter any schools this fall.

• In September, outgoing Chicago Public Schools CEO Pedro Martinez pledged to for another two years, even though state law allows the city to take action sooner. The district is in the process of absorbing to keep them from closing. 

• In October, Pittsburgh Public Schools ; several others were set to be relocated and reconfigured. About a month later, Superintendent Wayne Walters hit pause, saying the district needed more 鈥渢houghtful planning鈥� and community input.

• Last May, the Seattle Public Schools it would shutter 20 elementary schools next school year in response to a $100 million-plus budget deficit. They later increased the number to 21. By October, the list had dwindled to four schools. Just before Thanksgiving, Superintendent Brent Jones entirely. 

鈥淭his decision allows us to clarify the process, deepen our understanding of the potential impacts, and thoughtfully determine our next steps,鈥� to families. While the plan would have saved the district $5.5 million, he said, 鈥淭hese savings should not come at the cost of dividing our community.鈥�

Graham Hill Elementary in Seattle, which fifth grader Wren Alexander has attended since kindergarten, was initially on the list. The Title I school sits on top of a hill in a desirable area overlooking Lake Washington. But it also draws students from the lower-income, highly diverse Brighton Park neighborhood.

Among Wren鈥檚 neighbors are students from Ethiopia, Vietnam and Guatemala. Wren, who moves on to middle school this fall, said she looks forward to visiting her former teachers and cried when she heard Graham Hill might close. She wanted her younger brother and sister to develop the same warm connection she had.

鈥淚 don’t think I would be who I am if I didn’t go to the school,鈥� she said.

Tricia Alexander, her mother, was among those who opposed the closures, participating in outside the district鈥檚 administration building and before board meetings.

鈥淲e were really loud,鈥� said Alexander, who鈥檚 also part of , an effort to advocate for more state education funding. She said there was 鈥渘o real evidence鈥� that closing schools would have solved the district鈥檚 budget woes. 鈥淚n no way would kids win.鈥�

滨迟鈥檚 shared by many school finance experts, who note that the bulk of school funding is tied up in salaries, not facility costs. Districts may save some money from closing schools, but unless coupled with staff reductions, it鈥檚 often not enough to make up for large budget shortfalls.  

鈥楽o bad at this鈥�

If enrollment doesn鈥檛 pick up, experts say, leaders who delay closures will have to confront the same issues a year later or 鈥� perhaps even more likely 鈥� pass the problems on to their successors. 

鈥淚f there continues to be fewer and fewer children 鈥�then that doesn’t get better,鈥� said Brian Eschbacher, an enrollment consultant.  

One Chicago high school, for example, had just last year. In Los Angeles, the nation鈥檚 second-largest district, 34 elementary schools have fewer than 200 students and 29 of those are using less than half of the building, according to a recent . The share of U.S. students being educated outside of traditional schools also continues to increase, according to a forthcoming analysis Goulas conducted with researchers at Yale University. 

鈥淲e don鈥檛 see a trajectory of enrollment recovery,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hings actually got worse in the most recently released data batch.鈥�

But such conditions haven鈥檛 stopped advocacy groups from campaigning against closures. One of them, the left-leaning Advancement Project, has joined with local groups in Denver and Pittsburgh to make a case against closures nationally. 

鈥淎ll children deserve to have a local, neighborhood public school in which they and their families have a say,鈥� said Jessica Alcantara, senior attorney for the group鈥檚 Opportunity to Learn program. 鈥湵醭兮�檚 not just that school closures are hard on families. They harm the full education ecosystem that makes up a school 鈥� students, families, school staff and whole communities.鈥�   

Last May, Alcantara and other Advancement Project staff urged the U.S. Department of Education to treat school closures as a civil rights issue. Nine of the 10 schools the Denver district in 2022 had a majority Black or Hispanic student population. 

The advocates argued that in cases of enrollment loss, run-down facilities and empty classrooms, there are alternatives to closing schools. They to push for renovations and urge district leaders to use vacant spaces for STEM, arts or other programs that might attract families. Opponents of closures also say that districts sometimes underestimate how much of a building is used for non-classroom purposes like special education services, early-childhood programs and mental health. 

Eschbacher鈥檚 assessment of why districts often back down from closing schools is more blunt. 

鈥淒istricts are so bad at this,鈥� he said. 鈥淚f you just do a few things wrong, it could sink the whole effort.鈥�

For one, leaders often target schools with under 300 students for closure, appealing to parents that they can鈥檛 afford to staff them with arts programs, a school nurse or a librarian. 

But those explanations sometimes fall flat.

鈥淧arents always say, 鈥業 wanted a small school. I know my teachers and they know my kid. And it鈥檚 right down the street,鈥欌�� Eschbacher said. If they didn鈥檛 like their school, he added, they would have likely would have chosen a charter or some other option. 

District officials also run into trouble if they try to spin the data. When Seattle officials talked about 鈥渞ight-sizing鈥� the district, to the loss of 4,900 students since 2019-20. 

But Albert Wong, a parent in the district and a lifelong Seattle resident, knew there was more to the story. Not only is the current enrollment higher than it was from 2000 to 2011, the pandemic-related decline seems to have . In a , he argued that officials presented misleading data 鈥渢o make current enrollment look exceptionally bad.鈥�

Graham Hill Elementary, fifth-grader Wren鈥檚 school, actually saw a slight increase in enrollment this year, including a new class for preschoolers with disabilities. And while Pittsburgh schools are another 5,000 students over the next six years, enrollment this year held steady at .

To Eschbacher, the 鈥渂urden of proof is always on the district鈥� to make an airtight case for why students would be better off in larger schools. He has applauded the Denver-area Jeffco Public Schools, which has schools since 2021, for having , not just district officials, explain population trends to families at community meetings.

鈥業t wasn鈥檛 realistic鈥�

Walters, Pittsburgh鈥檚 superintendent, can easily rattle off reasons why the district should rethink how it uses its buildings. Early last year, showed that almost half of the district鈥檚 schools were less than 50% full. 

鈥淲e’ve lost about a fourth of our population, but we have not changed anything to our footprint,鈥� he said. 

Meanwhile, the average age of the district鈥檚 buildings is 90 years old, and many lack , forcing some schools to send students home in sweltering weather.

But a consulting group鈥檚 showed that Black and low-income students and those with disabilities would be disproportionately affected by the changes. Several drew attention to those disparities, calling  the effort 鈥渞ushed.鈥� 

Walters agreed and put the plan on hold last fall, saying he lacked 鈥渞obust鈥� responses to parents鈥� tough questions about how schools would change for their kids.

鈥淚t doesn’t mean that we don’t see a path forward,鈥� he said. 鈥淏ut it wasn’t realistic that we would have those questions answered within the timeline that we’ve been given.鈥�

In March, parents pushed for , causing the school board to postpone a vote on the next phase in the closure process.

As the Jeffco district demonstrates, some school systems are following through with closures. The school board in nearby Denver unanimously voted in November to close seven schools and downsize three more. 

But that鈥檚 after community protests pushed the district to put on a plan to close 19 schools in 2021. Advocates argued that families in low-income areas, who had been heavily impacted by the pandemic, would be most affected. Then the district only in 2023, and now board members are considering on closures for three years.

School boards closing a dozen or more schools are often catching up with work their predecessors let pile up, said Goulas of Brookings. 

鈥淐losing a single school allows for easier placement of students and minimizes the political cost and community stress,鈥� he said. 鈥淲hen a district releases a long list of schools to close, it likely indicates that they waited for conditions to improve, but this didn鈥檛 happen.鈥�

Angel Gober, executive director of 412 Justice 鈥� one of 16 organizations that called on the Pittsburgh district to drop its plan 鈥� acknowledged that their fight isn鈥檛 over.

鈥淚 think we got a temporary blessing from God,鈥� she said. But she wants the district to explore a host of alternatives, like community schools and corporate support, before it shutters and sells off buildings. 鈥淲e do have very old infrastructure, and that is an equity issue. But can we try five things before we make a drastic decision to close schools for forever?鈥�

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